Warning: Rooting, or flashing a custom ROM may void device warranty. These custom ROMs are initial builds and most of them are stable. While the ROMs have been tested working on various Android phones, it may fail if done wrong. You will also need the latest TWRP recovery installed. Also download Gapps, and Magisk zip if need be. To do so, Power off the device completely and then press and hold the power button and volume down key for a few seconds. You can also try with Volume Up.
Tap onBackup option and backup all the partitions such as system, data, boot, recovery, EFS and cache optional. Step 5: You will need to wipe the current system.
This will be the case for 5. To clarify the development process and branch lifecycle, Figure 2 focuses on the KMI branches for 5.
Each KMI branch cycles through three phases indicated in Figure 2 by different colors in each branch. As shown, LTS is regularly merged regardless of the phase. When it's created, a KMI branch enters the development phase dev in Figure 2 , and is open for feature contributions for the next Android platform release. In Figure 2, android The second KMI branch for a kernel version might be created earlier to allow for development of the subsequent release.
When the KMI branch is declared feature complete, it enters the stabilization phase , labeled as stab in Figure 2.
Partner features and bug fixes are still accepted, but KMI tracking is enabled to detect any changes that affect the interface. This means that no KMI-breaking changes are accepted unless a serious security issue is identified that can't be mitigated without affecting the stable KMI.
When a KMI branch is frozen, bug fixes and partner features can be accepted as long as the existing KMI common kernel isn't broken. The KMI can be extended with new exported symbols as long as the interfaces comprising the current KMI aren't affected. When new interfaces are added to the KMI, they immediately become stable and can't be broken by future changes.
For example, a change that adds a field to a structure used by a KMI interface common kernel isn't allowed because it changes the interface definition:. For the lifetime of the KMI kernel, backward compatibility with userspace is maintained so that the kernel can safely be used for the Android platform release the device was launched with.
Continuous testing with previous releases ensures that compatibility is maintained. So in Figure 2, the android Because the Android platform release is also compatible with previous versions, the android When entering the frozen phase, the branch is git-tagged with the KMI version string containing the KMI generation number.
For example, when android If there is a security issue or other event that requires a KMI-changing patch to be accepted, the KMI generation number is incremented and the branch retagged. For example, if such a change is accepted into android The current KMI generation can be found using the uname command:. If the KMI generation changes, the kernel isn't compatible with vendor modules that conform to the previous KMI generation, so the modules must be rebuilt and updated synchronously with the kernel.
KMI generation changes are expected to be very rare. The compatibility requirements between kernels in the same LTS family are changing beginning with the new KMI kernels.
The new KMI kernels maintain backward compatibility with all Android platform releases that supported the kernel version.
Additionally, the Android platform releases are backward-compatible with KMI kernels from previous releases. So you can safely use the android The KMI is stable so that the kernel can be updated without requiring a rebuild of kernel modules in the vendor image.
So, for example, an android KMI kernels are supported for their initial and subsequent releases only. They aren't supported for older releases. So an android Therefore, a device launched with Android 10 using a kernel based on android Android common kernels are supported until either the associated LTS kernel or Android Platform release is no longer supported.
While a kernel is supported, it continues to receive LTS merges from upstream and bug fixes for Android-specific code. These fixes include all kernel security patches cited in the monthly Android Security Bulletins that are relevant to the Android common kernels.
Partners can be confident that by regularly merging from Android common kernels, they're getting all the kernel security patches possible. The common kernels are tested with several CI systems in addition to downstream testing by vendors. Recent test results can be found here. KernelCI build-and-boot tests are initiated whenever a new patch is committed to a common kernel branch. Several hundred build configurations are tested and booted on various boards.
Recent results for Android kernels can be found here. Presubmit tests are used to prevent failures from being introduced into the common kernels. Results aren't publicly available at this time. Android postsubmit testing is performed when a new patch is committed to a common kernel branch. For example, results for android-mainline can be found here. Various boot, functional, and performance tests are run. Join the public group cros-kernel-buildreports.
Generally, feature development should be done on mainline Linux and not on Android common kernels. Upstream development is strongly encouraged, and after development is accepted there, it can be easily backported to the specific ACK branch as needed. The Android Kernel Team is happy to support upstreaming efforts for the benefit of the Android ecosystem. Submit patches to Gerrit and conform to these contribution guidelines. Content and code samples on this page are subject to the licenses described in the Content License.
Docs Getting Started About. Learn how your comment data is processed. Home Mobile. What is a Kernel? We can also generalize Here is the step by step guide on installing test kernels [boot.
Download the boot -new.
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